Maður vs. Náttúra
Fannst þetta bara of athyglisvert til þess að stinga því ekki hérna inn, þó ég svo sem ekki vanur því að skrifa mikið um helgar. En það er mjög athyglisvert að bera saman hversu mikil munur er á aðferðum manna og náttúru.
The Indirect Method: Use General Principles
Many people have abstracted principles of how nature designs. The following list is what I consider the distilled combination of those enumerated by Janine Benyus, Michael Braungart and William McDonough, Kevin Kelly, Steven Vogel, D'Arcy Thompson, Buckminster Fuller, Julian Vincent, Dee Hock, and my own limited experience. Explanations and attributions follow the main list.
Waste = Food
Self-assemble, from the ground up
Evolve solutions, don't plan them
Relentlessly adjust to the here & now
Cooperate AND compete, not just one or the other
Diversify to fill every niche
Gather energy & materials efficiently
Optimize the system rather than maximizing components
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts--design for swarm
Use minimal energy & materials
"Don’t foul your nest"
Organize fractally
Chemical reactions should be in water at normal temperature & pressure
Vogel's mechanical-engineering-specific principles (summarized):
Nature's factories produce things much larger, not smaller, than themselves.
We use metals, nature never does
Nature makes gradual transitions in structures (curves, density gradients, etc.) rather than sharp corners.
We make things out of many components, each of which is homogeneous; nature makes things out of fewer components but they vary internally.
We design for stiffness, nature designs for strength and toughness.
Our mechanisms have rigid pieces moving on sliding contacts, nature bends/twists/stretches.
Nature often uses diffusion, surface tension, and laminar flow; we often use gravity, thermal conductivity, and turbulence.
Our engines are mostly rotary or expansive, nature's are mostly sliding or contracting.
Nature's engines are isothermal.
Nature mostly stores mechanical work as elastic energy, sometimes as gravitational potential energy.
Upprunalega greinin er frá World Changing vefnum
The Indirect Method: Use General Principles
Many people have abstracted principles of how nature designs. The following list is what I consider the distilled combination of those enumerated by Janine Benyus, Michael Braungart and William McDonough, Kevin Kelly, Steven Vogel, D'Arcy Thompson, Buckminster Fuller, Julian Vincent, Dee Hock, and my own limited experience. Explanations and attributions follow the main list.
Waste = Food
Self-assemble, from the ground up
Evolve solutions, don't plan them
Relentlessly adjust to the here & now
Cooperate AND compete, not just one or the other
Diversify to fill every niche
Gather energy & materials efficiently
Optimize the system rather than maximizing components
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts--design for swarm
Use minimal energy & materials
"Don’t foul your nest"
Organize fractally
Chemical reactions should be in water at normal temperature & pressure
Vogel's mechanical-engineering-specific principles (summarized):
Nature's factories produce things much larger, not smaller, than themselves.
We use metals, nature never does
Nature makes gradual transitions in structures (curves, density gradients, etc.) rather than sharp corners.
We make things out of many components, each of which is homogeneous; nature makes things out of fewer components but they vary internally.
We design for stiffness, nature designs for strength and toughness.
Our mechanisms have rigid pieces moving on sliding contacts, nature bends/twists/stretches.
Nature often uses diffusion, surface tension, and laminar flow; we often use gravity, thermal conductivity, and turbulence.
Our engines are mostly rotary or expansive, nature's are mostly sliding or contracting.
Nature's engines are isothermal.
Nature mostly stores mechanical work as elastic energy, sometimes as gravitational potential energy.
Upprunalega greinin er frá World Changing vefnum
Ummæli